Ansible for Quantum Computing — Provision Quantum Simulators and Hybrid Workflows

---
- name: Deploy quantum development environment
  hosts: quantum_dev
  become: true
  vars:
    quantum_dir: /opt/quantum
    python_version: "3.11"

  tasks:
    - name: Install system dependencies
      ansible.builtin.package:
        name:
          - python{{ python_version }}
          - python{{ python_version }}-venv
          - build-essential
          - cmake
          - libopenblas-dev
          - liblapack-dev
        state: present

    - name: Create quantum environment
      ansible.builtin.pip:
        name:
          - qiskit>=1.0
          - qiskit-aer
          - qiskit-ibm-runtime
          - cirq-core
          - pennylane
          - amazon-braket-sdk
          - jupyter
          - matplotlib
          - numpy
          - scipy
        virtualenv: "{{ quantum_dir }}/venv"
        virtualenv_python: "python{{ python_version }}"

    - name: Configure IBM Quantum credentials
      ansible.builtin.template:
        src: qiskitrc.j2
        dest: /home/{{ quantum_user }}/.qiskit/qiskitrc
        owner: "{{ quantum_user }}"
        mode: "0600"
      no_log: true

    - name: Deploy JupyterHub for quantum notebooks
      community.docker.docker_container:
        name: quantum-jupyter
        image: jupyter/scipy-notebook:latest
        state: started
        ports: ["8888:8888"]
        volumes:
          - "{{ quantum_dir }}:/home/jovyan/quantum"
          - "{{ quantum_dir }}/venv:/opt/quantum-venv"
        env:
          JUPYTER_TOKEN: "{{ vault_jupyter_token }}"
      no_log: true

    - name: Verify Qiskit installation
      ansible.builtin.command: >
        {{ quantum_dir }}/venv/bin/python -c
        "import qiskit; print(f'Qiskit {qiskit.__version__}')"
      register: qiskit_ver
      changed_when: false

    - name: Display quantum stack
      ansible.builtin.debug:
        msg: "{{ qiskit_ver.stdout }}"

- name: Deploy quantum simulator cluster
  hosts: simulator_nodes
  become: true
  vars:
    qasm_simulator_threads: "{{ ansible_processor_vcpus }}"

  tasks:
    - name: Install Qiskit Aer (GPU-accelerated simulator)
      ansible.builtin.pip:
        name:
          - qiskit-aer-gpu
        virtualenv: /opt/quantum/venv
      when: "'gpu_nodes' in group_names"

    - name: Install Qiskit Aer (CPU)
      ansible.builtin.pip:
        name:
          - qiskit-aer
        virtualenv: /opt/quantum/venv
      when: "'gpu_nodes' not in group_names"

    - name: Configure simulator limits
      ansible.builtin.template:
        src: simulator-config.yml.j2
        dest: /opt/quantum/simulator-config.yml

    - name: Optimize system for simulation
      ansible.builtin.sysctl:
        name: "{{ item.key }}"
        value: "{{ item.value }}"
        state: present
        reload: true
      loop:
        - { key: vm.overcommit_memory, value: "1" }
        - { key: vm.swappiness, value: "10" }
        - { key: kernel.shmmax, value: "{{ ansible_memtotal_mb * 1024 * 1024 * 0.75 | int }}" }

    - name: Deploy simulation service
      ansible.builtin.template:
        src: quantum-simulator.service.j2
        dest: /etc/systemd/system/quantum-simulator.service
      notify:
        - Reload systemd
        - Restart simulator

    - name: Start simulator service
      ansible.builtin.service:
        name: quantum-simulator
        state: started
        enabled: true

  handlers:
    - name: Reload systemd
      ansible.builtin.systemd:
        daemon_reload: true
    - name: Restart simulator
      ansible.builtin.service:
        name: quantum-simulator
        state: restarted

- name: Deploy hybrid quantum-classical pipeline
  hosts: pipeline_servers
  become: true
  tasks:
    - name: Deploy pipeline orchestrator
      ansible.builtin.pip:
        name:
          - prefect
          - qiskit
          - qiskit-ibm-runtime
          - scikit-learn
          - pandas
        virtualenv: /opt/hybrid-pipeline/venv

    - name: Deploy hybrid pipeline DAG
      ansible.builtin.template:
        src: hybrid-pipeline.py.j2
        dest: /opt/hybrid-pipeline/pipeline.py
        mode: "0755"

    - name: Configure quantum backend selection
      ansible.builtin.template:
        src: quantum-backends.yml.j2
        dest: /opt/hybrid-pipeline/backends.yml

{# templates/quantum-backends.yml.j2 #}
backends:
  # Local simulator (development/testing)
  simulator:
    type: aer
    endpoint: "http://{{ hostvars[groups['simulator_nodes'][0]]['ansible_host'] }}:8100"
    max_qubits: 32
    cost_per_shot: 0

  # IBM Quantum (production)
  ibm_quantum:
    type: ibm
    instance: "{{ ibm_quantum_instance }}"
    max_qubits: 127
    cost_per_shot: 0.00016
    queue_priority: "{{ ibm_quantum_priority | default('standard') }}"

{% if aws_braket_enabled | default(false) %}
  # AWS Braket
  aws_braket:
    type: braket
    region: "{{ aws_region }}"
    device: "arn:aws:braket:::device/qpu/ionq/Aria-1"
    cost_per_shot: 0.03
{% endif %}

routing:
  development: simulator
  testing: simulator
  production: ibm_quantum
  high_fidelity: "{{ 'aws_braket' if aws_braket_enabled else 'ibm_quantum' }}"

- name: Deploy quantum error mitigation service
  hosts: pipeline_servers
  become: true
  tasks:
    - name: Install error mitigation libraries
      ansible.builtin.pip:
        name:
          - mthree
          - qiskit-ibm-runtime
        virtualenv: /opt/hybrid-pipeline/venv

    - name: Deploy calibration service
      ansible.builtin.template:
        src: calibration-service.py.j2
        dest: /opt/hybrid-pipeline/calibration.py

    - name: Schedule calibration data collection
      ansible.builtin.cron:
        name: "Quantum calibration update"
        hour: "*/6"
        minute: "0"
        job: >
          /opt/hybrid-pipeline/venv/bin/python
          /opt/hybrid-pipeline/calibration.py
          >> /var/log/quantum-calibration.log 2>&1

- name: Prepare network for quantum key distribution
  hosts: all
  become: true
  tasks:
    - name: Install quantum-safe VPN
      ansible.builtin.package:
        name: wireguard
        state: present

    - name: Configure WireGuard with PQC keys
      ansible.builtin.template:
        src: wireguard-pqc.conf.j2
        dest: /etc/wireguard/wg-quantum.conf
        mode: "0600"
      no_log: true
      notify: Restart WireGuard

    - name: Enable quantum-safe tunnel
      ansible.builtin.service:
        name: "wg-quick@wg-quantum"
        state: started
        enabled: true

  handlers:
    - name: Restart WireGuard
      ansible.builtin.service:
        name: "wg-quick@wg-quantum"
        state: restarted